During Polands prolonged domination by foreign powers, drama has played a special role in the cultural life of the country by serving to maintain a sense of national identity. But, although Polish dramatic literature is one of the most original in all of Europe, its very Polishness, closely tied to the vicissitudes of history, has made it largely inaccessible to audiences abroad, and credit report scores Oregon only in the second half of the credit report scores Oregon twentieth century have Polish plays become credit report scores Oregon part of the international repertory.
Stanislaw credit report scores Oregon Ignacy Witkiewicz, seven of whose dramas are presented in this volume, is one credit report scores Oregon of the first Polish dramatists to surmount credit report scores Oregon the cultural barrier and become known to general readers and theatre-goers worldwide. The story of how this breakthrough happened is all the more noteworthy because Witkiewicz was an outsider within his own culture, existing on the margins of the theatrical life of his era and seemingly doomed to lasting failure. An account of the playwrights confrontation with the Polish theatre in his own lifetime, his defeat at the hands of an uncomprehending public and hostile critical establishment, credit report scores Oregon and his posthumous triumph is the subject of my prefatory essay which serves as a general introduction to his work credit report scores Oregon and provides the context for the plays, each of which has a separate foreword. credit report request Painter, playwright, novelist, aesthetician, philosopher, photographer, and expert on narcotics, Witkiewiczor Witkacy, his artistic persona and the pen name by which he was knownis now recognized as a major avant-gardist of the twentieth century. A permanent outsider who could not be assimilated to any school or movement, the multitalented Witkacy brought to playwriting an extraordinary breadth of interests and depth of vision, as credit report scores Oregon well as an abiding hostility to the commercial theatre of his own age. The distinctive qualities of Witkacys work are a powerful visual imagination evoking dream states by means of hallucinatory images, colors, and shapes, a deeply felt philosophy of mans tragic isolation in an alien universe, and an acute sense of the grotesque and absurd that generates credit report scores Oregon subversive self-mockery and parody. His seismographic reading credit report scores Oregon of civilizations fault lines have made credit report scores Oregon Witkacy a classic of the avant-garde. order free credit reports
Witkacys story begins in the nineteenth century, when Poland did not exist as a nation, having been divided among its more powerful predatory neighbors, Prussia, Russia, and Austria, The Witkiewiczes were a large, well connected land-owning family from Polish Lithuania, related to Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, Polands future strongman in the interwar years, credit report scores Oregon and to the Gielguds, of whom the British actor, Sir John, would become credit report scores Oregon the celebrated offspring. As was the case credit report scores Oregon with many Poles at the time, the Witkiewicz family suffered major losses of status and property because of their patriotic zeal, which involved them in opposition credit report scores Oregon to the occupying forces. They experienced what it meant to be the colonized subjects of an imperial power. The credit report scores Oregon playwrights great uncle, Jan Witkiewicz (1808-1839), after credit report scores Oregon being arrested at the age of fifteen and condemned to death for purported anti-czarist activities (as a founder member of a patriotic student organization), was then sent as a conscript to Central Asia, where he eventually became a highly regarded Russian secret agent, prized for his mastery of Middle-Eastern languages and disguises, and engaged in conspiratorial missions against the British in the struggle between the two empires for dominance over Persia credit report scores Oregon and Afghanistan. report free credit Of divided loyalties and troubled conscience, this enigmatic adventurer committed suicide credit report scores Oregon or perhaps was murdered at the credit report scores Oregon age of thirty-one. The writers father, Stanislaw Witkiewicz (1851-1915), as an adolescent spent four years in Siberia with his father, who had been exiled and deprived of his property for taking part in the Uprising of 1863 against Russia. Stanislaw subsequently became a charismatic turn-of-the-century artist and cultural critic, who achieved the credit report scores Oregon status of national sage, preaching a gospel of creative independence for Poles through a return to native arts and crafts, while they awaited inevitable political liberation.
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